Suchergebnisse

Focuses on search for career, language competency, and self-identity; based on interviews conducted in eastern Pennsylvania, 1992-95. Parallel with Soviet Jews in Israel.

The study concerns interviews with a German sample of 430 residents of highrise complexes (with comparison with 166 nonhighrise residents). The data were analyzed primarily according to social backgrounds such as social class, sex, marital status, and age. Satisfaction in the highrise was largely conditioned by physical aspects of the apartment, but also by the ability to form social networks. Whatever their reservations about the highrise, parents were more enthusiastic about the adjustment of children than were childless respondents. On the whole, there appears to be considerable self-selectivity among highrise residents even though many regard their residence as temporary.

The paper reports the findings in socialization practices of deviant and "normal" samples in Santiago, Chile. Responses to the interviews with 60 schizophrenics, 52 juvenile delinquents, and 175 "normals" or "controls" revealed marked differences in their child rearing experiences Parental rejection, especially by, the father, seemed particularly critical in the schizophrenic sample, whereas the delinquent sample had experienced both rejection and ovetly harsh discipline. The mothers were often perceived as manipulative, and with a high rate of absenteeism among the fathers, the mother often had to fulfill, however inadequately, both the instrumental and expressive roles. Despite the differences in age, sex, and social class between the three samples, the study points to varying types of emotional climate within the home as significant in personal and social adjustment.

Traditional or developing areas of the world are moving toward urban and industrial societies characterized by rationalistic behavior. To an appreciable extent this transition is identified as the rise of urban middle sectors or classes, at least in the case of Latin America. One phase of the transition from a stage of economic underdevelopment to an industrial system has been the advent of public housing. Latin America in the last twenty years has witnessed extensive migration of families from the rural hinterland—in addition to the ever expanding families of the city itself— to the squatter shacks and slums, with eventual transfer of limited numbers to public housing. This article proposes to report on some differences in behavior and values of residents of private dwellings as opposed to those residents of public housing in two Central American capitals.

Sequential Monte Carlo methods have been recently proposed to deal with the problem of acoustic source localisation and tracking using an array of microphones. Previous implementations make use of the basic bootstrap particle filter, whereas a more general approach involves the concept of importance sampling. In this paper, we develop a new particle filter for acoustic source localisation using importance sampling, and compare its tracking ability with that of a bootstrap algorithm proposed previously in the literature. Experimental results obtained with simulated reverberant samples and real audio recordings demonstrate that the new algorithm is more suitable for practical applications due to its reinitialisation capabilities, despite showing a slightly lower average tracking accuracy. A real-time implementation of the algorithm also shows that the proposed particle filter can reliably track a person talking in real reverberant rooms. ; This paper was performed while Eric A. Lehmann was working with National ICT Australia. National ICT Australia is funded by the Australian Government's Department of Communications, Information Technology, and the Arts, the Australian Research Council, through Backing Australia's Ability, and the ICT Centre of Excellence programs.

Sequential Monte Carlo methods have been recently proposed to deal with the problem of acoustic source localisation and tracking using an array of microphones. Previous implementations make use of the basic bootstrap particle filter, whereas a more general approach involves the concept of importance sampling. In this paper, we develop a new particle filter for acoustic source localisation using importance sampling, and compare its tracking ability with that of a bootstrap algorithm proposed previously in the literature. Experimental results obtained with simulated reverberant samples and real audio recordings demonstrate that the new algorithm is more suitable for practical applications due to its reinitialisation capabilities, despite showing a slightly lower average tracking accuracy. A real-time implementation of the algorithm also shows that the proposed particle filter can reliably track a person talking in real reverberant rooms. ; This paper was performed while Eric A. Lehmann was working with National ICT Australia. National ICT Australia is funded by the Australian Government's Department of Communications, Information Technology, and the Arts, the Australian Research Council, through Backing Australia's Ability, and the ICT Centre of Excellence programs.